Course Description

Course Content

1) Language & Grammar Overview

• Purpose of grammar
• Standard usage
• Identifying common errors.

2) Sound, Pronunciation & Spelling Conventions

• Phonemes and letters
• Matra
• Conjunct letters
• Punctuation
• Standard spelling rules.

3) Morphology & Word Formation

• Word meaning
• Synonyms/antonyms
• Affixation (prefix/suffix)
• Expanding vocabulary
• Standard vs. non-standard forms.

4) Parts of Speech

• Noun, pronoun, adjective, verb, adverb, particles/prepositions
• Gender, number, person.

5) Case & Inflection

• Case markers
• Inflectional endings
• Roles in the sentence (subject, object, recipient, locative, etc.).

6) Phonological Combination (Sandhi)

• Rules and patterns
• Examples; practice in splitting and joining.

7) Compound Formation (Samasa)

• Types (e.g., tatpurusa, dvandva, bahuvrihi, karmadharaya, dvigu); analysis and use in writing.

8) Syntax

• Sentence types (simple, compound, complex)
• Transformation
• Subject–verb agreement
• Voice (active/passive/middle as applicable)
• Tense and aspect.

9) Idioms, Proverbs & Figures of Speech

• Common idioms/proverbs
• Recognition of basic figures of speech
• Appropriate use in composition.

10) Editing & Proofreading

• Correctness, concision, and clarity
• Removing redundancy; sentence expansion/condensation
• Cohesion devices (connectors).

11) Paragraph Writing

• Topic sentence, development, and conclusion
• Logical sequencing
• Cohesion
• Word-limit control.

12) Précis/Summary Writing

• Identifying the thesis
• Paraphrasing
• Compression; titling
• Fidelity to the original.

13) Report/News Report

• 5W1H; headline
• Lead and body
• Sourcing
• Neutral tone
• Formatting and structure.

14) Letter & Application Writing

• Personal and official letters
• Applications
• Business letters
• Email/notice formats
• Tone and layout.

15) Dialogue & Speech

• Purpose and audience
• Tone and register
• Brevity and impact
• Rhetorical devices.

16) Essay Writing (Descriptive/Argumentative)

• Thesis–argument–evidence–conclusion
• Coherence and cohesion
• Citing facts responsibly.

17) Data-Based Writing

• Describing/explaining information from charts, tables, posters, or graphs.

18) Examination Practice

• Step-by-step solutions
• Marking scheme alignment
• Timed mocks
• Targeted feedback.

19) Final Revision

• High-yield topics
• Checklist of common errors
• Exam-week planning.

Learning Objectives

Grammar Mastery — Apply rules of sound, word formation, parts of speech, case/inflection, combination (sandhi), compounds (samasa), tense and voice accurately in writing.

Standard Writing — Use standard spelling, punctuation, and sentence structure; revise and edit for correctness, clarity, and concision.

Composition Structure — Produce well-formed paragraphs, précis, reports, letters/applications, emails/notices, dialogues, speeches, and essays with appropriate tone and layout.

Vocabulary & Idiom — Select context-appropriate words; use synonyms/antonyms and idioms/proverbs effectively and correctly.

Communication — Write clear, audience-appropriate texts with logical flow and strong cohesion.

Exam Preparedness — Understand question types and marking criteria; manage time; deliver complete, high-scoring responses under exam conditions.